This Figure repeats the analysis shown in Figure 14, this time from the perspective of the DME provider, looking at a hypothetical population of 1000 severe COPD patients.  Again, for patients receiving no NIV, there are no costs to the DME provider.  However, there is a significant up-front cost when patients are prescribed use of NIPPV with AVAPS-AE; the cost at year 0 to supply 1000 devices equates to roughly $17 million.  However when the reimbursement received by the DME providers for each of the surviving patients over the course of the next 5 years is accounted for, the result is a cumulative net increase in revenue to the DME provider of just over $22 million.  A similar picture emerges with regard to the percentages of patients surviving and who are readmitted over that 5-year time period.