FIG. 30:  A recent paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association^[17] reported results of a randomized control trial looking at long-term events, specifically incident hypertension or cardiovascular events.  The trial compared the effects of CPAP versus no intervention in >700 patients over 4 years and found that CPAP did not show any significant reduction in outcomes.  A caveat was that the study may have been underpowered to detect these events, and, importantly, the trial looked primarily at non-sleepy patients, which allows the possibility that it is primarily in sleepy patients that CPAP therapy may be especially beneficial for treating high blood pressure.