Won - Figure 28
Summary of What We Know
FIG. 28: In summary, the prevalence of Op-CSA varies, but it is substantial and likely ranges between 14% and 60%. Op-CSA refers to a range of phenotypical breathing patterns, including CSR, but also cyclical CSAs without CSR and Biot’s/ataxic breathing. In addition, many patients have concurrent OSA. Associated risk factors include opioid dose, female gender, being non-obese, and use other centrally acting medications, such as benzodiazepines and possibly antidepressants.
In terms of treatment, it appears that CPAP is mostly ineffective. Bilevel PAP ST may improve Op-CSA, and recent studies suggest that ASV may be of benefit. Finally, ataxic breathing (which is common in this group) is probably the most difficult and poorly responsive form of breathing for any of these PAP therapies.
