Won - Figure 8
Prevalence
FIG. 8: A spectrum of respiratory disturbances, including obstructive apneas, central apneas, hypopneas, hypoxemia, and ataxic or irregular breathing patterns, has been reported in the data for Op-CSA.[1-9] The differences in reported prevalence may be related in part to differences between the study populations. Some studies reported patients derived from pain centers, whereas other studies reported patients from sleep centers to which subjects had been referred with suspected SDB. The cohorts referred to clinics for evaluation of sleep apnea will have the highest prevalence of SDB, as well as the most severe sleep apnea.
It is difficult to delineate the distribution of OSA versus CSA, since some studies reported a greater prevalence of OSA versus CSA[3-8] while other studies suggested the opposite.[2,9] Based on the studies listed in the Figure, however, the reported prevalence of CSA in chronic opioid users ranges between 14% and 60%.[1]
References
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Wang D, Teichtahl H, Drummer O, et al. Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients. Chest 2005;128:1348–1356.
Walker JM, Farney RJ, Rhondeau SM, et al. Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3:455–461.
Webster LR, Choi Y, Desai H, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic opioid therapy. Pain Med. 2008;9:425–432.
Mogri M, Desai H, Webster L, et al. Hypoxemia in patients on chronic opiate therapy with and without sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2009;13:49–57.
Sharkey KM, Kurth ME, Anderson BJ, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common than central sleep apnea in methadone maintenance patients with subjective sleep complaints. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;108:77–83
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Farney RJ, McDonald AM, Boyle KM, et al. Sleep disordered breathing in patients receiving therapy with buprenorphine/naloxone. Eur Respir J. 2013;42:394–403.