FIG 11: Returning to the patient in this case presentation, the first treatment approach in patients with complicated breathing patterns is to apply continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).  This may resolve upper airway obstruction and may also improve the patient’s CSA.  As seen in the tracings in this Figure, however, the patient had periods during sleep with normalization of respiration.  There was some snoring, but there was improvement in respiration, although there were also periods without sufficient therapy.  CPAP reduced breathing disturbances in this patient by about 50%, but did not normalize it.