FIG. 6:  In 2016 pulmonary rehabilitation is widely recognized as the most effective treatment of COPD for improving exercise capacity, dyspnea, HRQOL, and arguably health care utilization out of all other treatments, including pharmacology.  Pulmonary rehabilitation is prominently placed in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)^[7] and the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines^[8] recommendations for treating COPD, along with bronchodilator therapy. Unfortunately, however, pulmonary rehabilitation remains underfunded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other healthcare payers, a situation that should change.