Burger - Figure 35
Urachal Adenocarcinoma
FIG. 35: Small cell carcinoma for bladder is rare, comprising no more than 1% of all cases.[7] It is similar to small cell cancer of the lung. It also produces ectopic hormone in some cases, and that may express itself clinically as a hypercalcemia and a hypophosphatemia.[11] Small cell cancer of the bladder has a poor prognosis, overall survival of 18 months has been recorded across all stages and cases confined to the bladder have a 2-year survival rate of around 35%.[7]
Small cell carcinoma is quite aggressive. In one retrospective series that compared outcomes in almost 1000 small cell cancer patients versus around 30,000 patients with conventional urothelial cancer, overall survival was similarly poor in all metastatic patients, but markedly poorer in node-positive patients with small cell cancer.[20]
References
Klaile Y, Schlack K, Boegemann M, et al. Variant histology in bladder cancer: how it should change the management in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive disease? Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5:692−701 https://dx.doi.org/10.21037%2Ftau.2016.06.13
Humphrey PA, Moch H, Cubilla AL The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-Part B: Prostate and bladder tumours. Eur Urol. 2016;70:106−19 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.028
Geynisman DM, Handorf E, Wong YN, et al. Advanced small cell carcinoma of the bladder: clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in 960 patients and comparison with urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2016;5:192−9 https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fcam4.577
