Lotan - Figure 20
Atypical Cystoscopy/Cytology
FIG. 20: The scenario of atypical cystoscopy or atypical cytology is common. After intravesical therapy or multiple cystoscopies, many patients will have areas that look abnormal; they have either erythema or slightly elevated areas due to inflammation or cancer, or areas that look patchy. Both the patient and the physician will be concerned. Unfortunately, bladder biopsies are morbid. We do not want to take older patients who smoked most of their lives into the operating room unnecessarily, and so this is a scenario where a marker might be beneficial.
