Witjes - Figure 17
Conclusion: Urinary IL2 most promising predictive marker of BCG response
FIG. 17: Cytokines are also important as predictive markers for response to BCG. BCG is an immunotherapy that does not interact with cytokines and a Dutch study[6] showed that urinary interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a promising marker to help predict BCG response.
References
[6]
Zuiverloon TC, Nieuweboer AJ, Vékony H, et al. Markers predicting response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy in high-risk bladder cancer patients: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2012;61:128−45 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2011.09.026