Shariat - Figure 56

Is one biomarker sufficient?

FIG. 56:  As has been shown by multiple research groups, a single biomarker is not sufficient to determine the outcome of T1 bladder cancer.[73,74]  Multiple biomarkers need to be integrated to assess independent and redundant pathways in order to determine the full prognosis and biological potential of the single cell.

References

[73]

Shariat SF, Tokunaga H, Zhou J, et al. p53, p21, pRB, and p16 expression predict clinical outcome in cystectomy with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1014−24  http://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.03.118

 

[74]

Karam JA, Lotan Y, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Use of combined apoptosis biomarkers for prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mortality after radical cystectomy. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:128−36  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70002-5