Catto - Figure 29
Treatment Options
FIG. 29: The treatment options for patients with high-risk disease include bladder preservation with (1) bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy; (2) hyperthermic chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy; (3) radical cystectomy. I would advocate that physicians think carefully about not undertaking radical treatment in a patient with very high-risk disease, as the chances of local control are small and the risks to the patient of missing a disease as it becomes metastatic are relatively high.
