Fig. 01 -

Introduction

Fig. 02 -

Title Slide

Fig. 03 -

Disclosures

Fig. 04 -

Objectives

Fig. 05 -

Physiologic Response

Fig. 06 -

Exercise Limitations

Fig. 07 -

Three Catagories

Fig. 08 -

Pulmonary Exercise Limitations

Fig. 09 -

Respiratory Mechanics

Fig. 10 -

Thorax

Fig. 11 -

Pump & Bellows

Fig. 12 -

Diaphragm

Fig. 13 -

Contraction

Fig. 14 -

Ventilatory Mechanics

Fig. 15 -

Abnormal Respiratory Mechanics

Fig. 16 -

Diaphragm Dysfunction

Fig. 17 -

Symptoms

Fig. 18 -

Unilateral Diaphragm Dysfunction

Fig. 19 -

Bilateral Diaphragm Dysfunction

Fig. 20 -

Pressure Changes

Fig. 21 -

Abdominal Paradox

Fig. 22 -

Hypoventilation

Fig. 23 -

Nocturnal Hypoventilation

Fig. 24 -

Diagnosis

Fig. 25 -

Chest X-Ray

Fig. 26 -

Flouroscopy (SNIFF)

Fig. 27 -

PFTS

Fig. 28 -

Spirometry-Supine

Fig. 29 -

Pressure Generation

Fig. 30 -

Gold Standard

Fig. 31 -

Diaphragm Ultrasound

Fig. 32 -

Normal & Paralyzed

Fig. 33 -

Therapeutic Options

Fig. 34 -

Etiologies

Fig. 35 -

Processes & Dysfunction

Fig. 36 -

Acute Processes

Fig. 37 -

Acute Diaphragm Dysfunction

Fig. 38 -

Positive Pressure Ventilation

Fig. 39 -

20-30-40 Rule

Fig. 40 -

COPD

Fig. 41 -

COPD Continued

Fig. 42 -

COPD & Muscle

Fig. 43 -

Thoracic Cavity

Fig. 44 -

Pulmonary Rehab

Fig. 45 -

Surgery?

Fig. 46 -

BLVR

Fig. 47 -

Unilateral Diaphragm Paralysis

Fig. 48 -

Etiology

Fig. 49 -

Respiratory Muscle Training

Fig. 50 -

IMT & Cardiac Surgery

Fig. 51 -

Plication

Fig. 52 -

Bilateral Diaphragm Paralysis

Fig. 53 -

Spinal Cord Injury

Fig. 54 -

Diaphragm Pacing

Fig. 55 -

Diaphragmatic Pacing

Fig. 56 -

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Fig. 57 -

European Experience

Fig. 58 -

ALS - US Experience

Fig. 59 -

Ventilators & Diaphragm

Fig. 60 -

Early Onset

Fig. 61 -

Fractional Thickening

Fig. 62 -

ICU Diaphragm Pacing

Fig. 63 -

Conclusion

Fig. 64 -

Thank You