Grossman - Figure 5

Level I Evidence: Randomized Clinical Trial SWOG 8710

FIG. 5:  There is a variety of levels of evidence available demonstrating the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.  So-called Level I, highest strength evidence is obtained from a prospectively randomized clinical trial, such as SWOG 8710 (Figure).[2] Even better than data from a randomized clinical trial are data from two randomized clinical trials that show consistent results.

References

[2]

Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:859−66  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022148