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The Journal of Nurse Practitioners
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Jane Kapustin, PhD, CRNP - Figure 14
Management of Hyperglycemia in T2DM: Comorbidities: Heart failure
In patients with the most severe form of heart disease, heart failure, the universal first choice for T2DM therapy, metformin, remains indicated for use unless the patient’s heart failure is severe or the patient is unstable.[2] Incretin-based therapies have also proven effective in heart failure and CVD over time. On the other hand, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) should be avoided in New York Heart Failure Association (NYHA) Class III–IV heart failure, because this class of drugs can worsen pulmonary and peripheral edema, among other detrimental associations. Kapustin J. J Nurse Pract. 2014; 00:00 – 00.
References
Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1364-1379.