Stenzl - Figure 11
Alterations in the Bladder During Tumor Development
FIG. 11: From a morphologic standpoint, it is almost impossible to differentiate between inflammatory changes and flat lesions, or differentiate inflammatory lesions with papillary tumors in the middle from solid tumors with papillary tumors on top (Figure).[1] Each requires completely different treatment strategies, both in the primary resection or removal of the tumor, as well as in the subsequent strategy, whether it is simply surveillance, or installation therapy, major surgery, or even systemic therapy with or without local treatment.
References
[1]
Knowles MA, Hurst CD. Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15:25−41 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3817
