Witjes - Figure 28
Combination Immunotherapy
FIG. 28: For a long time combination immunotherapy of BCG plus interferon-α (IFNα) has been the North American standard in patients who fail to respond to BCG. However the evidence supporting this use is based on the results of only one Phase 2 trial,[15] and the BCG dose remains unchanged.[16]
References
Lamm D, Brausi M, O'Donnell MA, Witjes JA. Interferon alfa in the treatment paradigm for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2014;32:35.e21-35.e30 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.02.010
Rosevear HM, Lightfoot AJ, Birusingh KK, et al; National BCG/Interferon Investigator Group. Factors affecting response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interferon for urothelial carcinoma in situ. J Urol. 2011;186:817−23 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.04.073
