Witjes - Figure 43
Small immunotherapy studies in high-risk patients
FIG. 43: Studies of other immunotherapies studies have been relatively small. Two drugs are unfortunately no longer being investigated. Bropirimine, an oral interferon inducer, produced some promising results,[29,30] but development of this drug was stopped. Imiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist, was shown to be safe and relatively effective after intravesical administration in a Phase 1 trial,[31] but development of this formulation of the drug was also terminated.
References
Witjes WP, König M, Boeminghaus FP, et al; European Bropirimine Study Group. Results of a European comparative randomized study comparing oral bropirimine versus intravesical BCG treatment in BCG-naive patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Eur Urol. 1999;36:576-81 https://doi.org/10.1159/000020051
Sarosdy MF, Tangen CM, Weiss GR, et al. A phase II clinical trial of oral bropirimine in combination with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Urol Oncol. 2005;23:386−9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2005.05.028
Falke J, Lammers RJ, Arentsen HC, et al. Results of a phase 1 dose escalation study of intravesical TMX-101 in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2013;189:2077−82 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.150
